Personally portable vacuum desiccator

ABSTRACT

The vacuum desiccator low pressure vacuum pump and trap and is transportable upon a user&#39;s person. The device is especially useful to remove excess fluids from wounds and incisions as they heal. The device includes a desiccator cartridge containing a fluid trapping agent. The desiccator cartridge is connected to a vacuum pump member providing a low vacuum pressure to the interior chamber of the desiccator cartridge. A small battery powered, electric motor drives the pump member. An electrical control circuit, including the battery power source, controls the operation of the electric motor. A single passage, one-way, gas/liquid flow pathway connects the inlet port of the desiccator cartridge to an occlusive dressing covering the wound to be drained. The control circuit includes one or more ancillary circuits for controlling operation of the device, such as: a power circuit, a moisture sensor, a timer circuit, a vacuum pressure sensor, and a pressure differential sensor.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is in the field of portable, motor driven vacuump-umps having a movable working member which is motivated by electricityor a magnetic field. More specifically, the present invention relates toa personally portable, low negative pressure, motor driven vacuum pumphaving an electric power storage means and a moisture trap.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A number of portable, low pressure vacuum apparatuses capable ofproducing vacuum pressures down to about 500 mm HG currently exist.Medicine, particularly the wound healing arts, is a field where suchdevices have a specific utility. In the wound healing arts, it has beenrecognized that the removal of excess fluid from a wound site canimprove the healing of the wound. This recognition has motivated thefield to develop wound treatment regimens that include the use of vacuumdevices for removing excess exudate from a wound site. For example, infull thickness dermal wounds devices to assist in the removal of excessfluid from these wounds have been developed and used. Further, becauseof the recognized benefits of encouraging patients to be active andmobile if possible, these devices need to be portable, and preferably,personally portable.

One strategy for providing a personally portable, low pressure vacuumsource for drainage of wound site involves the use of a passive vacuumreservoir. Examples of this types of device includes those disclosed byFell, U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,172; Seddon et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,024,7311and Dixon et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,944,703. Typically, these devicescomprise an evacuated cannister attached to a drainage tube. Because thevacuum pressure in the reservoir of these devices continuously decreasesas the wound is drained (and the reservoir filled), they often include ameans for regulating the pressure delivered to the wound site at somelevel below the maximum pressure of the vacuum reservoir. Additionally,these devices require a reservoir of a relatively larger volume thanthat of the volume of fluid they are capable of removing from a woundsite.

Recognizing these limitations, the field has been further motivated todevelop means for providing a portable, low pressure vacuum source fordrainage of a user's wound site which provides a relatively constantvacuum pressure. A strategy for accomplishing this objective includeshaving the device comprise a vacuum pump to provide a constant lowpressure vacuum source, or to replenish a separate vacuum reservoir. Anexample of this type of device includes that disclosed by McNeil et al.,U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,165. Also see U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,994 to Say.Although portable, these devices are bulky and obvious to an observer ofthe user, and may subject the user to embarrassment or personalquestions. It would be beneficial to have a portable vacuum device thatwas personally portable by the user without being obvious to anobserver.

An apparatus which addresses this latter benefit is disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 6,142,892 to Hunt et al. The Hunt apparatus is supported on abelt or harness worn by the user, and is small enough to be unobtrusivewhen worn under a jacket or the like. However, the Hunt apparatusutilizes a liquid reservoir containing the fluids drained from a woundsite. Fluids contained in the liquid reservoir of Hunt are subject toslouching, which may adversely affect the function of the Hunt apparatusif the fluid prematurely enters an inappropriate pathway (the outlet endof the cannister). Also, the Hunt device requires multiple tubes or amulti-lumen tube running from the device to the wound site to accomplishits full utility. Additionally, the Hunt apparatus is intended to beworn by a patient at waist level or higher. This means that wound sitesbelow and distal to the users waist can be subjected to a higher vacuumpressure than with a device that may be located more proximal the woundsite than the Hunt apparatus.

Although the above apparatuses may be useful in the field foraccomplishing their intended purposes, it would be beneficial to have analternative personally portable vacuum device that can be wornunobtrusively by the user, and which is not subject to slouching of thefluid it retains, and further which does not require special tubing toconnect it to a wound site.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present desiccator is a personally portable vacuum pump and moisturetrapping device. The invention is useful where a user desires to carry adevice for collecting and trapping small volumes of liquids. As aspecific example, the present invention is therapeutically useful toprovide a personally portable low negative pressure source and trap foraspirating and collecting fluid exudate from a wound or incision. Afurther benefit of the present invention for such applications involvingbiological waste is that the trap and all other components of thedesiccator device that contact the aspirated biological materials areremovable from the device and are replaceable. The desiccator deviceincludes a trap, a vacuum pump head member, an electric motive mechanismand an electric control and power circuit.

The trap comprises a desiccator cartridge enclosing an interior space orchamber. An inlet port and an outlet port provide gas/liquid flowcommunication with the interior chamber of the desiccator cartridge. Thedesiccator cartridge is of a design and construction to withstand theapplication of an appropriate vacuum without substantial collapse of theinterior chamber. Some distortion of the cartridge while under vacuum isdesirable in some applications, e.g., where buffering of the vacuumpressure of the system is beneficial. A trapping agent is containedwithin the interior chamber for retaining the fluid that enter thechamber. The composition of the trapping agent is selectable by one ofordinary skill in the art in view of the teaching herein and inconsideration of the characteristics of the fluid to be trapped.

A vacuum pump member or pump head is connected in gas flow communicationwith the interior chamber of the trap by having the low pressure port ofthe vacuum pump member being connected to the outlet port of the trap.The exhaust port of the vacuum pump member is vented to atmosphere.Operation of the vacuum pump member develops a low vacuum pressure whichis communicated to the interior chamber of the desiccator cartridge andthen to the inlet port of the trap. The vacuum pressure at the inletport of the trap is selectable by the ordinary skilled artisan dependingon the intended use of the present device. Typically, the selectedvacuum pressures range less than about 250 mm Hg, and in part depends onthe vacuum pressure to be delivered to the wound site and the any lossof vacuum pressure across the delivery tube connecting the inlet port tothe wound site. An electric motive means (an electric motor) is coupledto the vacuum pump member and drives the pump head. An electricalcontrol circuit, including an electrical power source, is in electricalcommunication with the electric motive means. The control circuit isoperable to control the operation of the electric motive means.

The desiccator cartridge of the trap has only a single, ingressgas/liquid flow pathway, which is the inlet port. Additionally, the flowpath at the inlet port is unidirectional, in that gas/liquid flow canenter the trap via the inlet port, but not exit or back flow out of thetrap via the inlet port. Optionally, the personally portable vacuumdesiccator includes a single passage gas/liquid flow path delivery tubefor connecting the trap to a source of gas or liquids to be deliveredinto the trap. The delivery tube has an input end for communicating withthe gas/liquid source and an output end connectable to the inlet port ofthe desiccator cartridge. A one-way valve is located proximate the inletport of the desiccator cartridge. The one-way valve prevents thecontents of the desiccator cartridge from back-flowing out of the inletport. The one way valve may be separate from or incorporated into theinlet port. The desiccator cartridge is removable from the vacuumdesiccator and separately disposable. A fresh desiccator cartridge isinstalled in the desiccator to replace the removed cartridge.

The desiccator cartridge contains a trapping agent for containing theliquids or moisture delivered to the trap under the force of the vacuum.The trapping agent combines with the liquid or moisture to alter itsphysical features, i.e., from a liquid or vapor to a mixed phase orsolid state. Compositions suitable for use as trapping agents in thepresent invention are selectable by one of ordinary skill in the art inview of the present disclosure and teachings herein. The trapping agentshould adsorb, absorb or in some way combine with the liquid or moistureto immobilize and keep it from sloshing in the desiccator cartridge asit is accumulated in the interior chamber. Examples of potentiallysuitable trapping agents include: a desiccant, an adsorbent and anabsorbent. Specific examples include silica gel, sodium polyacrylate,potassium polyacrylamide and related compounds. Such moisture trappingmaterials are often found in disposable baby diapers and in femininenapkins. The level of moisture in the desiccant chamber is monitored bythe moisture sensor circuit. When the amount of moisture trapped indesiccant material approaches saturation, the chamber may either beremoved and disposed of or recharged with fresh desiccant material andrepositioned in the device (depending on the design of the desiccatorcartridge).

The present vacuum desiccator can further comprise a filter for blockingbacteria and/or untrapped moisture from passing into the vacuum pumpmember or from being vented to atmosphere. The filter may be locatedproximate the outlet port to protect the pump member and/or proximatethe exhaust port to prevent venting bacteria or moisture to atmosphere.

The electric motive means of the vacuum desiccator includes an electricmotor. The motor is coupled to the vacuum pump member to drive the pump.The motor may be coupled to the pump head by any of a number of meansknown to and practicable by the ordinary skilled artisan. For example,the motor shaft may be integrated with the vacuum pump head, it may bemechanically coupled to the vacuum pump so as to be readily separablefrom the pump head, or it may be magnetically coupled to the pump headso as to, again, be readily separable from the vacuum pump member. Areadily separable motive means is particularly useful where the vacuumpump member and the desiccator cartridge are integrated together as aunit.

A purpose of the electrical control circuit is to monitor the conditionof the device and to control operation of the motive means. Theelectrical control circuit includes the electrical power source for thedevice. The power source comprises an electrical power storage means,such as a battery. A feature of the power source is that the electricalstorage means is removable from the electrical control circuit and isreplaceable. Additionally, the electric control circuit optionallyincludes other ancillary circuits for the operation and control of thedevice. These circuits include: a moisture sensor circuit for detectingthe presence of moisture proximate the low pressure port of the vacuumpump member; a timer circuit for intermittently operating the electricmotive means; a vacuum pressure sensor circuit for detecting a vacuumpressure in the interior chamber or elsewhere in the device; and apressure differential sensor circuit for sensing a difference inpressure between the inlet and outlet ports of the desiccator cartridge.

The component parts of the vacuum desiccator device which are ingas/liquid flow communication are replaceable. This allows thecomponents of the device which are exposed to contact with the woundfluids to be separable from the other components of the device tofacilitate cleaning or disposal of contaminated components.

The present personally portable vacuum desiccator can further comprise ahousing for containing some or all of the component parts of the device.For example, the housing may contain the electric motive means and theelectrical control circuit, while the other components are simplyattached to the housing, e.g., an integrated pump head/trap combinationassembly. Other configurations obviously are possible, such as a housingcontaining the electric motive means and the electrical control circuitand additionally either or both of the trap (desiccator cartridge) andthe vacuum pump member.

Additionally, the present vacuum desiccator device may comprise thebattery being housed in a battery compartment attached or integral tothe desiccator cartridge of the moisture trap. In this configuration,the battery and the desiccator cartridge are replaceable in the deviceas a single unit.

It is a feature of the present invention that the personally portablevacuum desiccator can be used as part of a treatment regimen to promotewound healing by drawing excess wound exudate away from the wound site.As an example of using the desiccator for this purpose, an open, fullthickness dermal wound is covered with an air tight dressing, such asare commercially available. The input end of the gas/liquid flowdelivery tube is positioned under the dressing in flow communicationwith the wound site. The vacuum desiccator is activated, a low negativepressure is produced at the wound site via the delivery tube and excessfluids excreted by the wound are removed under the force of the lownegative pressure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the major components of the presentvacuum desiccator showing the electric control circuit contained in ahousing with the motor coupled to the trap and vacuum pump member.

FIG. 2A is a side elevation and partial cross-sectional view of thedesiccator cartridge of the present device, showing the interior chambercontaining a trapping agent.

FIG. 2B is a top plan and partial cross-section view of the desiccatorcartridge showing the interior chamber containing alternative trappingagents and showing alternative moisture/fluid sensors for detectingfluid in flow path proximate the outlet port of the cartridge. Alsoshown is a separately mountable outlet microfilter.

FIG. 3 is a partial top plan view of the outlet port portion of thedesiccator cartridge showing in phantom a micro-filter integral to thedesiccator cartridge flow path, and also a vacuum pressure sensormountable to the outlet port of the cartridge.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through a side elevation of acombination of a desiccator cartridge and vacuum pump head as anintegral unit.

FIG. 5A is a partial top plan view of the inlet portion of thedesiccator cartridge showing the inlet port with a one-way gas/fluidflow valve installed.

FIGS. 5B and 5C are partial cross-sectional views of two types ofone-way gas/liquid flow valves.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the electric control circuit of thedesiccator device indicating its sub-circuits and the interconnectrelationship with certain ancillary components.

FIGS. 7A and 7B show alternative strain-gauge means for monitoringvacuum pressure in the interior chamber of the desiccator cartridge.

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-section of a side elevation of a desiccatorcartridge showing the interior components and their layout.

FIG. 9A is an exploded view of a side elevation of a desiccatorcartridge showing a cover member incorporating an integral gas flowchannel.

FIG. 9B is a bottom plan view of the cover member of FIG. 9Aillustrating an example of an integral gas flow channel layout (inphantom) and the perforations by which the integral channel is in gasflow communication with the interior chamber of the desiccatorcartridge.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The personally portable vacuum desiccator is a device useful as a sourcefor providing a low vacuum pressure for removing excess wound exudatefrom dressed dermal wounds. This application of present personallyportable vacuum desiccator is useful for promoting wound healing bydraining such excess wound exudate from the wound site.

Referring now to the drawings, the details of preferred embodiments ofthe present invention are graphically and schematically illustrated.Like elements in the drawings are represented by like numbers, and anysimilar elements are represented by like numbers with a different lowercase letter suffix.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is a personally portablevacuum desiccator 10 comprises a trap 12, a vacuum pump member operableto provide a source of low vacuum pressure, an electric motive or drivemeans 36 for operating the vacuum pump member, and an electrical controlcircuit, including an electrical power source. The control circuit iselectrically connected to the electric motive means to control itsoperation, i.e., to turn it on and off. The trap 12 includes adesiccator cartridge 14 The desiccator cartridge 14 has an interiorchamber 16 containing a trapping agent 54 (see FIG. 2). Additionally,the desiccator cartridge 14 has an inlet port 18 and an outlet port 20in gas/liquid communication with the interior chamber 16 of thecartridge 14. A vacuum pump head or member 22 serves as a source for alow pressure vacuum of about 250 mm Hg or less. The vacuum pump member22 is placed after desiccant chamber 14 in the gas/liquid flow pathwayto facilitate preventing fluid from entering the vacuum pump member. Thevacuum pump head 22 has a low pressure port 24 and an exhaust port 26.The low pressure port 22 is in gas/liquid flow communication with theoutlet port 20 of the desiccator cartridge 14. The exhaust port 26 ofthe vacuum pump head 22 is vented to atmosphere. When operated, thevacuum pump member 22 provides a low vacuum pressure to the interiorchamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge. As further shown in FIG. 1., anelectric motive means 36 is in communication with the vacuum pump member22 via a coupling 38. The electric motive means 36 is a low voltageelectric motor, which is operable to drive the vacuum pump member 22,thus providing a low vacuum pressure at the pump member's low pressureport 24. The electrical control circuit 40, including an electricalpower source 46, is in electrical communication with the electric motivemeans 36 via an electric motor lead 42. The control circuit 40 controlsthe operation of the electric motive means.

Optionally, a delivery tube 32 is included with the desiccator device 10to put the trap 14 in gas/liquid flow communication with a location towhich a low negative vacuum pressure is to be applied, such as a woundsite covered by an occlusive dressing (not shown). The delivery tube 32consists of a single passage gas/liquid flow path, having an input end33 and an output end 24, the output end 34 being connected to the inletport 18 of the desiccator cartridge 14.

The components of the personally portable vacuum desiccator 10 canfurther comprise a housing 50 for containing or mounting the componentparts of the vacuum desiccator 10. As exemplified in FIG. 1, the housing50 contains the electric motive means 26 and the electrical controlcircuit 40. Alternatively, the housing 50 can contain the electricmotive means 36, the electrical control circuit 40 and additionally, thedesiccator cartridge 14 and/or the vacuum pump member 22.

The trap 12 comprises a desiccator cartridge 14. As shown in FIGS. 2Aand 2B, the desiccator cartridge 14 encloses an interior space orchamber 16. The desiccator cartridge 14 is of a design and materialconstruction to withstand the application of an appropriate vacuumwithout substantial collapse of the interior chamber 16. Some distortionof the cartridge while under vacuum is desirable in some applications,e.g., where buffering of the vacuum pressure of the system is beneficialor distortion of the chamber 16 is used as an index of the vacuumpressure within the interior chamber 16.

A trapping agent 54 is contained within the interior chamber 16 toretain (trap) fluids and moisture that enter the chamber 16. There are avariety of compositions available in the art that are appropriatetrapping agents for practice in the present invention. A specificcomposition or combination of compositions useful as the trapping agent54 is readily selectable by one of ordinary skill in the art in view ofthe teaching herein and in consideration of the characteristics of thefluid to be trapped. Examples of classes of such compositions suitableas trapping agents 54 include desiccants, adsorbents, absorbents and thecombination of any of these. Specific examples include silica gel,sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylamide and related compounds.Such moisture trapping materials are often found in disposable babydiapers and in feminine napkins. These compositions may be particulatetrapping agents 54a or fibrous trapping agents 54b. In a preferredembodiment, the trapping agent 54 was a pillow-like structure (see FIG.8), which included a fiber matrix material which served to contain andsomewhat immobilize the other loose components of the trapping agent,and to act as a wick to distribute the fluid as it entered the interiorchamber. The level of moisture in the interior chamber 16 proximate theoutlet port 20 is monitored by a moisture sensor 84 (see FIG. 1). Whenthe amount of moisture retained by the trapping agent 54 approachessaturation (as detected by the moisture sensor 84 or indicated by othermeans), the desiccator cartridge 14 may either be removed and disposedof or recharged with fresh desiccant material and repositioned in thedevice (depending on the design of the desiccator cartridge). Othermeans for detecting the degree of saturation of the trapping agent 54are available. For example, the desiccant cartridge 14 may beconstructed in part from a transparent material, allowing the trappingagent 54 to be directly observed. The degree of saturation of thetrapping agent 54 maybe indicated by a color change in a component ofthe trapping agent 54 in response, for example, to a pH change or degreeof hydration.

In a preferred embodiment of the vacuum desiccator 10, all of thecomponents in gas/liquid flow communication are replaceable. This allowsthe components of the device that are exposed to contact with the woundfluids to be separable from the other components of the device tofacilitate cleaning or disposal of contaminated components. Inparticular, the desiccator cartridge 14 is removable from the device 10and separately disposable. A fresh desiccator cartridge 14 is installedin the desiccator 10 to replace the removed cartridge. Alternatively,the cartridge 14 can be constructed to make its interior chamber 16accessible, e.g., through a lid or by disassembly, whereby the usedtrapping agent 54 can be replaced with fresh. The refreshed desiccatorcartridge may then be reattached to vacuum desiccator 10. This featuremay be useful where the desiccator cartridge and vacuum pump head arecombined as a single integrated unit (see FIG. 4).

The desiccator cartridge 14 has a single, gas/liquid flow pathway, whichis the inlet port 18, as the only inlet path into the trap 12. The flowpath at the inlet port 18 is unidirectional, in that gas/liquid flow canenter the trap via the inlet port 18, but not exit or back flow out ofthe trap 14 via the inlet port 18. Unidirectional flow at the inlet portis accomplished by a one-way valve 30 located proximate the inlet port18 of the desiccator cartridge 14 (see FIG. 5A). The one-way valve 30prevents the contents of the desiccator cartridge 14 from back-flowingout of the inlet port 18. The one-way valve 30 maybe separable from thedesiccator cartridge 14, as shown in FIG. 5A, or it may be incorporatedinto the cartridge 14 proximate the inlet port 18 (not shown). One-waygas/liquid flow valves practicable in the present invention are known inthe art and selectable by the ordinary skilled artisan for use in thepresent invention. Examples of such one-way valves include biased and/orunbiased piston-type 30a and ball-stop 30b valves as exemplified inFIGS. 5B and 5C.

A micro-filter 28 useful for blocking bacteria and/or untrapped moisturefrom passing into the vacuum pump member or from being vented toatmosphere is located in the gas/liquid flow path of the device 10 afterthe interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge. The micro-filter 28may be located proximate the outlet port 20 to protect the pump member22 and/or proximate the exhaust port 26 to prevent venting bacteria (ormoisture) to atmosphere. The micro-filter may be an in-line micro-filter28a separate from the desiccator cartridge as shown in FIG. 2B, or anintegral micro-filter 28b incorporated into the cartridge 14 proximatethe outlet port 20 as shown in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 1, an electric motive means 36 is coupled to the vacuumpump member 22 of the vacuum desiccator 10. In the preferred embodiment,the motive means 36 is an electric motor. Electric motors practicable inthe present invention are known to and selectable by one of ordinaryskill in the art in view of the teachings and figures contained herein.For example, a miniature, oil-less diaphragm pump is commerciallyavailable from the Gast Manufacturing, Inc. (Michigan): series 3D 1060,model 101-1028. The electric motor 36 communicates with the vacuum pumpmember 22 via a drive coupling 38 to drive the pump. The drive coupling38 for connecting the motor 36 to the pump head 22 may be accomplishedby any of a number of means known to and practicable by the ordinaryskilled artisan. For example, a motor shaft coupling 38 maybe integratedwith the vacuum pump head, i.e., the motor 36 and pump member 22 aresubstantially a single unit. Alternatively, a motor shaft coupling 38may be mechanically coupled to the vacuum pump head 22 so as to bereadily separable from the pump head 22. For instance, as exemplified inFIG. 4, the hub 100 of a rotary-vane pump head 22a has a motor shaftreceiver 102 for accepting the end or spindle of a shaft coupling 38 ofa motor 36. The shaft receiver 102 has a threaded, keyed or similarinterfacing configuration (not shown) complementary to the spindle orend of the shaft coupling 38 of the motor 36. As a further alternative,the motor 36 maybe magnetically coupled (not shown) to the pump head 22so as to again be readily separable from the vacuum pump member 22. Areadily separable motive means 36 is particularly useful where thevacuum pump member 22 and the desiccator cartridge 14 are integratedtogether as a unit, as shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 6, the present vacuum desiccator device 10 includes anelectrical control circuit 40 that comprises logic and switchingcircuits and a number of ancillary circuits and functions, externalsensors, electrical connections and a power source. In the preferredembodiment, the purpose of the electrical control circuit 40 is tomonitor the condition of the device 10 and to control operation of themotive means 36. The ancillary circuits can be chosen for inclusion inan embodiment of the device 10 to affect one or more of the followingfunctions: device data Input/Output, electrical power, sensor signalprocessing and motor control (power to the motor). An I/O unit 70 foraccomplishing device data input and out put can include data input meanssuch as a power and data entry switches (e.g., a key pad and/or on-offswitch), and a readout display and alarms. Such I/O units 70 are wellknown in the art, and are readily practicable in the present inventionby the ordinary skilled artisan. Other ancillary circuits and othersensors 88 may be provided at the user's option, and are similarlyaccomplishable by the ordinary skilled artisan.

In the preferred embodiment exemplified in FIG. 1, the power source 46for storing and providing electrical energy for the device 10 is abattery 60. In the preferred embodiment, the power source 46 isremovable from the electrical control circuit 40 and is easilyreplaceable. The POLAROID® P100 Polapulse™battery is an example of anappropriate battery 60 useful as a power source 46 in the present vacuumdesiccator device 10 in a preferred embodiment because of its planarconfiguration and low profile. See FIGS. 7A and 7B.

It is intended that the electrical control circuit have sensorycapabilities to detect certain physical conditions of the device 10, andto utilize the conditions to control operation of the motor 36, andother appropriate functions of the control circuit 40. These ancillarysensory circuits include: a moisture sensor 84 and circuit, fordetecting the presence of moisture proximate the outlet port 20 of thedesiccant cartridge 14; at least one vacuum pressure sensor 76 andcircuit, for detecting a vacuum pressure in the interior chamber orelsewhere in the device; and a pressure differential sensor circuit, forsensing a difference in pressure between two sections of the gas/liquidflow pathway of the device 10, e.g., between the inlet and outlet ports18 & 20 of the desiccator cartridge 14. The sensors are interconnectedto the control circuit 40 via electrical leads 44. Sensors appropriatefor accomplishing the various sensory functions of an electrical controlcircuit are known in the art and are readily adaptable for practice inthe present invention by the ordinary skilled artisan. For example, avacuum pressure sensor 76 (MPL model 500, diaphragm-type pressuredifferential sensor) suitable for practice in the present device iscommercially available from Micro Pneumatic Logic, Inc. (Florida) from aline of pressure sensors. Other types of sensors are adaptable for usein the present invention for detecting or sensing pressure, such assurface strain gauges mounted on the surface of the desiccator cartridge14, and optical displacement gauges mounted to transmit light throughthe surfaces of desiccator cartridge 14. For example, an optical fiberstrain gauge 77 is commercially available from FISO Technologies(Quebec, model FOS “C” or “N”) from a line of optical strain gauges.This sensor can be used to monitor and indicate the presence of a vacuumin the desiccator cartridge by displacement (bending) of the cartridgesurface under the force of a vacuum in the interior chamber 16. Opticaldisplacement/strain gauges 78 are also commercially, including for thedetection of fluid intrusion into a section of tubing. These gaugestypically comprise a combination light source/detector 78a and a mirror78b. Distortion of the surface of the desiccator cartridge 14 on whichthe mirror 78b is mounted alters the reflection path of the emittedlight as it passes through the cartridge to return to the detector,which alteration is detectable. Of course, this requires the walls ofthe cartridge 14 proximate the optical displacement gauge 78 to betransparent to the light. The use of more than one pressure sensor 76can allow sensing and/or measurement of the pressure differentialbetween two different points in the gas/liquid flow pathway, such asbetween the inlet and outlet ports 18 & 20 of the desiccator cartridge14.

The vacuum pressure sensor 76 is used to monitor the vacuum pressure inthe interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge 14. When the vacuumpressure detected in the chamber 16 by the pressure sensor 76 issufficient, the electric control circuit 40 may switch off the motor 36,thereby conserving electrical power. When the vacuum pressure detectedin the chamber 16 by the pressure sensor 76 is no longer sufficient thecontrol circuit 40 may switch on the motor 36 to reestablish anappropriate vacuum pressure in the interior chamber 16 of the desiccatorcartridge 14. Also, the electrical control circuit 40 can include aclock/timer circuit for intermittently operating the electric motivemeans 36, as another way of conserving electrical power. The I/O unit 70can be utilized to set the time interval for the control circuit'sintermittent operation of the motor 36.

In an alternative preferred embodiment of the vacuum desiccator 10, thebattery 60 of the power source 46 is integral with the desiccatorcartridge 14a. As exemplified in FIG. 8, the battery 60 is contained ina battery compartment 110, which is integral to the structure of thedesiccator cartridge 14a. Battery leads 112 connect the battery 60 toelectrical battery contacts 114 on the exterior surface 120 of thedesiccator cartridge 14a. In this embodiment, the desiccator cartridge14a and battery 60 are replaceable as a unit.

FIG. 8 also illustrates another preferred feature of a desiccatorcartridge 14, in which a gas flow channel is disposed inside theinterior chamber 16 of the cartridge 14a. In the embodiment illustrated,the flow channel 120 is a tube connected to the outlet port 20 andhaving a length sufficient to allow it to be coiled or snaked about theinterior chamber 16 (also see FIG. 9B). The flow channel tube 120 hasperforations 122 along its length, or is otherwise constructed, to allowgas flow from the interior chamber 16 into the lumen of the flow channeltube 120 under the force of the vacuum pressure from the pump member 22.Further shown in FIG. 8, is trapping agent 54c having a pillow-likestructure. The flow channel tube 120 is laid out on one side of thepillow trapping agent 54c. In the preferred embodiment, the pillowtrapping agent 54c was constructed using 10 grams of sodium polyacrylatedistributed between two layers of an elastic mesh material (nylonstocking). In addition to elastic mesh material, other fabrics aresuitable for practice with the moisture trapping pillow 54c, includingknitted fabric mesh materials like gauze and similar fabrics. Tomaintain even distribution of the sodium polyacrylate, the two layers ofelastic mesh material were sewn together to form compartments. Thevolume of the interior chamber 16 of the desiccator cartridge 14 wassufficient to hold the pillow and about 50 cc of trapped moisture.

A flow channel may be accomplished by means other than a tube. Forexample, a flow channel may be integrated into the desiccator cartridge14 and be in gas flow communication with the interior chamber 16. Thisembodiment of a desiccator cartridge 14 can be accomplished as shown inFIGS. 9A and 9B, wherein the cartridge 14b has a cover member 124 and abody member 126 (FIG. 9A). The cartridge cover member 124 has a gas flowchannel 120a integrated into it. The integral flow channel 120a hasperforations 122a along its length, or is otherwise constructed, toallow gas flow from the interior chamber into the lumen of the integralchannel 120a under the force of the vacuum pressure from the pump member22.

While the above description contains many specifics, these should not beconstrued as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather asexemplifications of one or another preferred embodiment thereof. Manyother variations are possible, which would be obvious to one skilled inthe art. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined bythe scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, and not just bythe embodiments.

1. A personally portable vacuum desiccator comprising: a moisture trap,the trap further comprising a desiccator cartridge having an interiorchamber containing a trapping agent and a gas flow channel having aplurality of perforations along the gas flow channel, and the desiccatorcartridge further including an inlet port and an outlet port ingas/liquid communication with the interior chamber, the outlet portbeing connected to the gas flow channel; a vacuum pump member having alow pressure port and an exhaust port, the low pressure port ingas/liquid flow communication with the outlet port of the desiccatorcartridge and with the exhaust port vented to atmosphere, and the vacuumpump member being operable to provide a low vacuum pressure to theinterior chamber; an electric motive means in communication with thevacuum pump member and operative to drive the vacuum pump member; and anelectrical control circuit, including an electrical power source, thecontrol circuit in electrical communication with and operative tocontrol operation of the electric motive means; wherein said personallyportable vacuum desiccator is generally flat and may be wornunobtrusively by a user and is adaptable for collecting and trappingliquid from a wound or incision on the user in said moisture trap. 2.The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 1, further comprisinga single passage gas/liquid flow path delivery tube, having an input endand an output end, the output end being connected to the inlet port ofthe desiccator cartridge.
 3. The personally portable vacuum desiccatorof claim 1, further comprising a housing containing the electric motivemeans and the electrical control circuit.
 4. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 1, further comprising a housing containingthe electric motive means and the electrical control circuit and atleast one additional element selected from the group consisting of thedesiccator cartridge and the vacuum pump member.
 5. The personallyportable vacuum desiccator of claim 1, wherein the vacuum pump member isintegral with the desiccator cartridge.
 6. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 1, wherein the electric motive means includesan electric motor mechanically coupled to the vacuum pump member.
 7. Thepersonally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 1, wherein the electricmotive means includes an electric motor magnetically coupled to thevacuum pump member.
 8. The personally portable vacuum desiccator ofclaim 1, wherein the electrical control circuit includes an electricalpower source comprising a battery.
 9. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 1, wherein the electrical control circuit includesan electrical power source comprising a battery, and the battery isremovable from the electrical control circuit and replaceable.
 10. Thepersonally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 1, further comprising aone-way valve disposed proximate the inlet port of the desiccatorcartridge, the one-way valve preventing gas/liquid and particulate flowout of the inlet port.
 11. The personally portable vacuum desiccator ofclaim 1, wherein the electrical control circuit includes a moisturesensor for detecting the presence of moisture proximate the low pressureport of the vacuum pump member.
 12. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 1, wherein the electrical control circuit includes atimer circuit for intermittently operating the electric motive means.13. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 1, wherein theelectrical control circuit includes a vacuum pressure sensor fordetecting a vacuum pressure in the interior chamber of the desiccatorcartridge.
 14. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 1,wherein the electrical control circuit includes a pressure differentialsensor for sensing a difference in pressure between the inlet and outletports of the desiccator cartridge.
 15. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 1, wherein the desiccator cartridge is removablefrom the vacuum desiccator and replaceable.
 16. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 1, wherein components in gas/liquid flowcommunication are replaceable.
 17. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 1, wherein the desiccator cartridge contains atrapping agent selected from the group consisting of: a desiccant, anadsorbent and an absorbent.
 18. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 1, further comprising a micro-filter positionedafter the outlet port of the desiccator cartridge and before the exhaustport of the vacuum pump member, the micro-filter blocking the passage ofbacteria.
 19. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 1,wherein the power source is integrally combined with the desiccatorcartridge, and the combined desiccator-power source being installable inand removable from the vacuum desiccator as a single unit.
 20. Apersonally portable vacuum desiccator comprising: a desiccatorcartridge, the cartridge being removable from the vacuum desiccator andreplaceable, and having an interior chamber containing a trapping agent,the trapping agent being a moisture tapping pillow, and an inlet portand an outlet port in gas/liquid communication with the interiorchamber, and a one-way valve disposed proximate the inlet port forpreventing gas/liquid and particulate flow out of the inlet port; asingle passage gas/liquid flow pathway having an input end and an outputend, the output end being connected to the inlet port of the desiccatorcartridge; a vacuum pump member having a low pressure port and anexhaust port, the low pressure port in gas/liquid flow communicationwith the outlet port of the desiccator cartridge and with the exhaustport vented to atmosphere, and the vacuum pump member being operable toprovide a low vacuum pressure to the interior chamber; an electricmotive means in communication with the vacuum pump member and operativeto drive the vacuum pump member, the electric motive means including anelectric motor coupled to the vacuum pump member; and an electricalcontrol circuit, including an electrical power source, the controlcircuit in electrical communication with and operative to controloperation of the electric motive means, the electrical power sourcecomprising a battery, with the battery being removable from theelectrical control circuit and replaceable, and wherein the electricalcontrol circuit includes one or more ancillary circuits selected fromthe group consisting of: a power circuit for turning the electricalcontrol circuit on and off, a moisture sensor for detecting the presenceof moisture proximate the low pressure port of the vacuum pump member, atimer circuit for intermittently operating the electric motive means, avacuum pressure sensor for detecting a vacuum pressure in the interiorchamber of the desiccator cartridge, a pressure differential sensor forsensing a difference in pressure between the inlet and outlet ports ofthe desiccator cartridge.
 21. A personally portable vacuum desiccatorfor draining and collecting excess fluid from a wound ox incision on auser, said vacuum desiccator comprising; : a thin moisture trap having afluid trapping agent, a gas flow channel having a plurality ofperforations along the gas flow channel, an inlet port, and an outletport, the outlet port being connected to the gas flow channel; adelivery tube having a first end positionable in gas/liquid flowcommunication with the wound or incision on the user and a second end ingas/liquid flow communication with said inlet port; a vacuum pump ingas/liquid flow communication with said outlet port; an electric motoroperably connected to said vacuum pump; and a control circuit inelectrical communication with said motor, said control circuit having anelectric power source and being operable for controlling the operationof said motor; said vacuum desiccator being transportable upon theuser's person; said vacuum pump being operable to draw fluid from thewound or incision through said delivery tube and into said moisturetrap; said fluid trapping agent having a capacity for trapping a volumeof the fluid.
 22. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 21wherein said delivery tube comprises a single passage gas/liquid flowpath.
 23. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 21 wherein:said moisture trap comprises a desiccator cartridge having an interiorchamber; in which the gas flow channel is positioned said interiorchamber having a gas flow channel and said fluid trapping agent disposedtherein; said gas flow channel being connected to said outlet port. 24.The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 23 wherein said gasflow channel comprises a second tubehaving perforations therein.
 25. Thepersonally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 24 wherein said secondrube is arranged in a configuration selected from the group consistingof coiled and snaked.
 26. The personally portable vacuum desiccator ofclaim 23 wherein said desiccator cartridge comprises a cover member anda body member, said gas flow channel being integrated into said covermember.
 27. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 21further comprising a one-way valve proximate said inlet port to preventgas/liquid flow out of said moisture trap through said inlet port. 28.The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 21 further comprisinga micro-filter proximate said outlet port to prevent bacteria ormoisture from leaving said moisture tap through said outlet port. 29.The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 21 further comprisinga moisture sensor proximate said outlet port and in communication withsaid control for controlling said motor in response to the detection ofmoisture proximate circuit said outlet port.
 30. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 21 further comprising a vacuum pressuresensor for detecting the vacuum pressure within said moisture trap, saidvacuum pressure sensor being in communication with said control circuitfor controlling said motor in response to said vacuum pressure.
 31. Thepersonally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 21 further comprising apressure differential sensor for detecting the pressure differentialbetween said inlet port and said outlet port, said pressure differentialsensor being in communication with said control circuit for controllingsaid motor in response to said pressure differential.
 32. The personallyportable vacuum desiccator of claim 21 wherein said volume is about 50cc.
 33. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 21 whereinsaid fluid tapping agent is selected from the group consisting ofdesiccants, adsorbent, and absorbents.
 34. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 21 wherein said moisture trap has a generallyrectangular shape.
 35. The personally portable vacuum desiccator ofclaim 1, wherein the gas flow channel comprises a tube positioned withinthe interior chamber.
 36. The personally portable vacuum desiccator ofclaim 1, wherein the gas flow channel is positioned within the interiorchamber on one side of the trapping agent.
 37. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 1, wherein the desiccator cartridge comprisesa cover member and a body member, the gas flow channel being integratedinto the cover member.
 38. The personally portable vacuum desiccator ofclaim 1, wherein the trapping agent comprises a pillow-likeconfiguration.
 39. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim38, wherein the pillow-like configuration further includes sodiumpolyacrylate distributed between two layers of an elastic mesh material.40. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 23, wherein thegas flow channel is positioned within the interior chamber on one sideof the fluid trapping agent.
 41. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 21, wherein the fluid trapping agent comprises apillow-like configuration.
 42. The personally portable vacuum desiccatorof claim 41, wherein the pillow-like configuration further includessodium polyacrylate distributed between two layers of an elastic meshmaterial.
 43. A personally portable vacuum desiccator for draining andcollecting excess fluid from a wound or incision on a user, said vacuumdesiccator comprising: a thin moisture trap having a fluid trappingagent, an inlet port, and an outlet port; a one-way valve disposedproximate the inlet port of the thin moisture trap, the one-way valvepreventing gas/liquid and particulate flow out of the inlet port; adelivery tube having a first end positionable in gas/liquid flowcommunication with the wound or incision on the user and a second end ingas/liquid flow communication with said inlet port; a vacuum pump ingas/liquid flow communication with said outlet port; an electric motoroperably connected to said vacuum pump; and a control circuit inelectrical communication with said motor, said control circuit having anelectric power source and being operable for controlling the operationof said motor; said vacuum desiccator being transportable upon theuser's person; said vacuum pump being operable to draw fluid from thewound or incision through said delivery tube and into said moisturetrap; said fluid trapping agent having a capacity for trapping a volumeof the fluid.
 44. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 43,wherein said delivery tube comprises a single passage gas/liquid flowpath.
 45. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 43,wherein: said moisture trap comprises a desiccator cartridge having aninterior chamber; said interior chamber having a gas flow channel andsaid fluid trapping agent disposed therein, said gas flow channel beingconnected to said outlet port.
 46. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 45, wherein said gas flow channel comprises a secondtube having perforations therein.
 47. The personally portable vacuumdesiccator of claim 46, wherein said second tube is arranged in aconfiguration selected from the group consisting of coiled and snaked.48. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 45, wherein saiddesiccator cartridge comprises a cover member and a body member, saidgas flow channel being integrated into said cover member.
 49. Thepersonally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 43 further comprising amicro-filter proximate said outlet port to prevent bacteria or moisturefrom leaving said moisture tap through said outlet port.
 50. Thepersonally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 43 further comprising amoisture sensor proximate said outlet port and in communication withsaid control for controlling said motor in response to the detection ofmoisture proximate circuit said outlet port.
 51. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 43 further comprising a vacuum pressuresensor for detecting the vacuum pressure within said moisture trap, saidvacuum pressure sensor being in communication with said control circuitfor controlling said motor in response to said vacuum pressure.
 52. Thepersonally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 43 further comprising apressure differential sensor for detecting the pressure differentialbetween said inlet port and said outlet port, said pressure differentialsensor being in communication with said control circuit for controllingsaid motor in response to said pressure differential.
 53. The personallyportable vacuum desiccator of claim 43, wherein said volume is about 50cc.
 54. The personally portable vacuum desiccator of claim 43, whereinsaid fluid trapping agent is selected from the group consisting ofdesiccants, adsorbents, and absorbents.
 55. The personally portablevacuum desiccator of claim 43, wherein said moisture trap has agenerally rectangular shape.